APJ 3D — GD&T & CMM Inspection Verification Matrix

Standard Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing Reference Guide for Automotive & Aerospace Parts

Symbol Characteristic Tolerance Type Recommended Inspection Method
Flatness Form Optical 3D Scanning / Laser Tracker / Surface Plate
Straightness Form Optical Comparator / Portable CMM Arm
Circularity (Roundness) Form VMM (Vision Measuring Machine) / Rotary Table CMM
Cylindricity Form High-Accuracy CMM / Structured Light Scanning
Parallelism Orientation Datum Alignment via CMM / Blue Light Scanner
Perpendicularity Orientation Precision Square / Coordinate Measuring Machine
Angularity Orientation 3D Point Cloud to CAD Deviation Analysis
Concentricity Location Multi-Axis CMM Inspection
Position (True Position) Location CMM Datum Reference Frame (DRF) Verification
Surface Profile Profile Full-Field 3D Scanning Color Map Comparison